e-LA module 7 - Basic Science

Anatomy

Nasal Anatomy 

Anatomy of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx 

Trachea, Main Bronchi, Broncho-pulmonary segments 

Microstructure of the Lungs and Pleura 

Mediastinum and contents 

Anatomical Differences in the Developing Paediatric Airway 

Anatomical Basis of Airway Management 

 

Anatomy of the Heart 

Coronary Circulation 

Conducting System of the Heart 

Great Vessels, Main Peripheral Arteries and Veins 

Blood Supply to the Brain 

Macroscopic Anatomy of the Brain, CSF, Meninges 

Spinal Cord, Major Ascending and Descending Pathways 

Applied Epidural Anatomy 

Brachial Plexus, Nerve Supply to The Arm and Hand 

Lumbosacral plexus, Nerve Supply to the Leg and Foot 

Cranial Nerves and Base of Skull 

The Globe of the Eye 

Optic Pathways, Visual Fields, Motor and Sensory Innervation 

Boney Orbit and Extraocular Contents 

 

Spine: Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae and Sacrum 

Spine part 2: Sacrum, Sacral Hiatus and Ligaments 

Facial Skeleton 

Bones and Joints of the Upper and Lower Limbs 

Hazards of Positioning and pressure Areas 

Antecubital Fossa 

Surface Anatomy of the Neck and Clavicular Region 

Landmarks for Tracheostomy and Cricothyrotomy 

Surface Anatomy of Vertebral Column in Adult and Child 

Physiology

Gene Transcription and Translation 

Cell Membrane Characteristics; Receptors 

Acid Base Balance and Buffers 

Cellular Metabolism, Enzymes 

Body Water and Compartments 

Osmolarity: Partition of Fluids Across Membranes 

Physiology of Obesity and Effects on Organ Systems 

Body Temperature and its Regulation 

Capillary Dynamics and Interstitial Fluid 

Lymphatic System and Other Circulatory Fluids 

Cardiac Muscle Contraction 1

The Cardiac Cycle 

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The Electrocardiogram and Arrhythmias 

Central and Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function 

Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation of Cardiac Function 

Control of Cardiac Output 

Control of Systemic Blood Pressure 

Peripheral Circulation 

Coronary Circulation 

Pulmonary Circulation 

Physiology of Exercise and CPX Testing 

 

Gaseous Exchange: Oxygen 

Gaseous Exchange; Hypoxia and Hyper and Hypo-Capnia 

Gaseous Exchange: Hyper and Hypo-Baric Pressures 

Function of Haemoglobin in Oxygen Carriage 

Co2 Carriage in Blood and Acid-base Equilibrium 

Pulmonary Ventilation; Volumes, Flows, Dead space and Pre-Oxygenation 

Ventilation/Perfusion Abnormalities 

Mechanics of Ventilation and the Effect of IPPV on the Lungs 

Control of Breathing 

Ventilatory Failure and Oxygen Therapy 

Effects of Anaesthesia on Lung Function 

Action potential, NMJ and Skeletal Muscle Contraction 

Smooth Muscle Physiology 

Functions of Nerve Cells 1 

Function of Nerve Cells 2 

The Brain 

Autonomic Nervous System 

Neurological Reflexes 

Pain - Peripheral and Central Mechanisms 1 

Visceral Pain and Neuropathic Pain 

Renal Morphology, Blood Supply and Glomerular Filtration 

Tubular Transport and The Proximal Tubule 

Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule and Collecting Tubule 

Regulation of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance 

Renal Regulation of Body Fluid PH 

Functional Liver Anatomy and Blood Supply 

Metabolic and Synthetic Functions of the Liver 1 

Metabolic and Synthetic Functions of the Liver 2 

Gastric Function 

Physiology of nausea and vomiting 

Metabolic Pathways

Red Blood Cells: Haemoglobin and its variants 

Transfusion Physiology 1 

Transfusion Physiology 2 

Haemostasis and Coagulation 

Immunity 

Allergy and Inflamatory Response 

Hormonal, Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses to Surgery 

The Physiology of Hormones 

Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function 

Adrenal Hormones 1 

Adrenal Hormones 2 

Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones and Calcium Homeostasis 

Physiology of Pregnancy and Labour 1 

Physiology of Pregnancy and Labour 2

Functions of the Placenta 

Materno-fetal Circulation Changes at Birth 

Pharmacology

Drugs as organic molecules 

Interactions between molecules

Ionization 

Isomers 

Introduction to Mechanisms of specific and Non-specific Drug Action 

Agonists and antagonists 

Partial Agonists and Inverse Agonists 

Drugs affecting Transmembrane Signalling 

Enzymes as Drug Targets including Anticholinesterases

Enzyme Induction and Inhibition 

Unwanted Drug Effects 

Tolerance & Tachyphylaxis 

Drug Interactions 

Absorption and Bioavailability 

Distribution, protein Binding and Body Compartments 

Inhalational drug administration 

Pharmacokinetics: Elimination 

Drug Metabolism and Excretion 

The Cytochrome p450 system 

Introduction to pharmacokinetics and modelling 

Two-and Three compartment models 

Clearance and volume of distribution 

Target controlled infusions 

Pharmacokinetics principles in different patient groups 

Pharmacokinetics of intavenous anaesthesia 

Interindividual Variation in Drug Response 

 

Halogenated Volatile Agents and Unwanted Effects of Volatile Agents 

Nitrous oxide and xenon 

Mechanism of General Anaesthetic Action 

Benzodiazepines & Sedative agents 

Propofol 

The Barbiturates 

Etomidate 

Ketamine 

Properties of an ideal intravenous induction agent 

Local Anaesthetic Agents 

Simple analgesia: aspirin and paracetamol 

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

Opioid drugs: general properties and mechanisms of action 

Morphine and other opioids 

Opioids  with weak and partial agonist activity and opioid antagonists 

The Neuromuscular Junction & the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor 

Succinylcholine 

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: general properties 

Aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agents 

Benzylisoquinolinium muscle relaxants 

Reversal of neuromuscular blockade 

The ideal short acting muscle relaxant 

The Autonomic nervous system 

Drugs and the Sympathetic Nervous System 

Endogenous catecholamines

Drugs and the Paraympathetic Nervous System 

The Cardiovascular System and sites for Drug Effects 

Inotropes and Vasoconstrictors 

Drugs used in Ischaemic heart disease 

Classifications for antiarrhythmic drugs 

Clinical use of antiarrhythmic agents

Drugs to produce intraoperative hypotension 

Therapeutic Antihypertensives 

Anticoagulants 

Anti-platelet Agents 

Thromboprophylaxis and thrombosis 

Fluids for volume expansion 

Antihistamines 

Drugs acting on the respiratory system 

Drugs used in the treatment of acute asthma 

Drugs acting on the GI tract 

Antiemetic drugs 

Diuretics 

Drugs acting on the uterus 

 

Principles of actions of antimicrobial drugs 

Antimicrobial drugs

Anti fungal and antiviral drugs 

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 

Antidepressants/drugs affecting mood 

Anti-Diabetic Therapy: NIDDM & Insulin Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus 

Corticosteroids; Thyroxine and Drugs Used in Thyroid Disorders 

Effects of Drugs on the Eye and Vision: Includes Intra-ocular Pressure 

Social drugs: Alcohol 

Social drugs: Non-Legal Drugs 

Social Drugs: Tobacco 

 

 

Physics

SI Units 

Kinetic Theory of Gases 

Newtonian Mechanics 

Pressure 

Gas Laws 

Gases in Solution 

Density and Viscosity

Gas Storage 

Gases and Vapours 

Humidity 

Solvents and Solutes 

Osmosis 

Heat and Temperature 

Heat Transfer 

Hydrostatics 

Fick principle & IOP 

Alveolar Gas Equation 

Apnoeic Oxygenation and Differential Equations 

Preoxygenation and e

Atomic Structure 

Chemical Bonds and Reactions

Molecular Structure and Isomerism 

Reaction Rates and Thermodynamics 

Acids and Bases 

Electromagnetic Spectrum 

Light 

Lasers 

 

Definitions and Simple Circuits 

Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance Elements in Electrical Circuits 

Operational Amplifiers, Electronic Circuits 

Excitable Tissues and Biological Potentials 

Magnetism and Current 

Nuclear Magnetism and MRI 

Equipment

Sources of Central Gas Supply 

Gas Cylinders 

Piped Gas Supply 

 

Pressure Regulator, Pressure Gauge, Flowmeters 

Vaporizers, Oxygen Flush and Alarms 

Pollution and Scavenging 

Checking of Anaesthetic Equipment 

Mapleson Classification 

Circle System

 

Face Masks and Oxygen Delivery Devices 

Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airways 

Extraglottic Airway Devices 

Laryngoscopes and Intubation Aides 

Tracheal Tubes 

Tracheostomy and Cricothyrotomy Tubes 

Breathing System Filters 

Classification and Function of Ventilators 

Emergency and Transport Ventilators

Humidification 

Standards of Monitoring During Anaesthesia and Recovery 

Electrocardiogram (ECG) 

Pulse Oximetry 

Capnography 

Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurement (NIBP) 

Invasive BP Measurement 

Central Venous and Pulmonary Artery Catheters 

Monitoring of Neuromuscular Conduction 

Temperature Measurement 

Arterial Blood Gases 

Oesophageal Doppler Cardiac Output Monitoring 

BIS, Entropy and Evoked Potentials 

Oxygen Concentration Analysers 

N2O and Anaesthetic Agent Monitoring 

Wrights Respirometer, Pneumotachograph and Ventilator Alarms 

Defibrillators and Pacemakers 

Intravenous Cannnulae and Giving Sets 

Haemofiltration and Dialysis 

Infusion Devices 

Spinal Needles 

Equipment used in Epidural Anaesthesia

Equipment for peripheral Nerve Block 

Sterilisation 

Disinfection 

Electrical safety 1: Biological Effects, Electrical Hazards 

Electrical safety 2 

Maths and Statistics

Modeling with Mathematics

Mathematical modelling and Input-Output Principle (IOP) 

Model Construction: Co2 and Alveola Ventilation 

Examination of Model 

Mathematical Functions 

Basic Calculus - Differentiation 

Basic Calculus - Integration 

Logarithms and pH 

Mathematics and Principles of Measurement 

CEACCP: Statistics I: data and correlations 

CEACCP: Statistics II: Central tendency and spread of data 

CEACCP: Statistics III: Probability and statistical tests 

CEACCP: Statistics IV: Interpreting the results of statistical tests 

CEACCP: Statistics V: Introduction to clinical trials and systematic reviews 

Random processes 

Estimation & decision-making 

Hypothesis testing 

Confidence 

Samples of unknown mean and variance 

Related variables 

Categorical variables 

Non-parametric data 

Diagnostic testing 

Display of statistical data 

Clinical studies: part one: cohort studies and measures of association 

Clinical studies: part two: study design 

Meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine 

Choice of test 

CEACCP: Statistics I: data and correlations MCQs

CEACCP: Statistics II: Central tendency and spread of data MCQs 

CEACCP: Statistics III: Probability and statistical tests MCQs 

CEACCP: Statistics IV: Interpreting the results of statistical tests MCQs 

CEACCP: Statistics V: Introduction to clinical trials and systematic reviews MCQs